Diazepam is mainly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks and symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. It is also used as a premedication for inducing sedation, anxiolysis, or amnesia before certain medical procedures (e.g., endoscopy). In 2020, it was approved for use in the United States as a nasal spray to interrupt seizure activity in people with epilepsy. Diazepam is the most commonly used benzodiazepine for «tapering» benzodiazepine dependence due to the drug's comparatively long half-life, allowing for more efficient dose reduction. Benzodiazepines have a relatively low toxicity in overdose.
Diazepam has a number of uses including:
Treatment of anxiety, panic attacks, and states of agitation.
Treatment of neurovegetative symptoms associated with vertigo.
Treatment of the symptoms of alcohol, opiate, and benzodiazepine withdrawal.
Short-term treatment of insomnia.
Treatment of muscle spasms
Treatment of tetanus, together with other measures of intensive treatment.
Adjunctive treatment of spastic muscular paresis (paraplegia/tetraplegia) caused by cerebral or spinal cord conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury (long-term treatment is coupled with other rehabilitative measures)
Palliative treatment of stiff person syndrome,
Pre- or postoperative sedation, anxiolysis or amnesia (e.g., before endoscopic or surgical procedures)
Treatment of complications with stimulant overdoses and psychosis, such as cocaine or methamphetamine.
Used in treatment of organophosphate poisoning and reduces the risk of seizure induced brain and cardiac damage.
Preventive treatment of oxygen toxicity during hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Dosages should be determined on an individual basis, depending on the condition being treated, severity of symptoms, patient body weight, and any other conditions the person may have.
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