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Recyclable materials- this is a waste of production, everyday life, waste products of humans and animals, which are suitable for further processing. Having processed it, you can get a new useful product, raw material or semi-finished product for further use.
As a rule, secondary raw materials are obtained from items that have a special icon on the packaging, in the form of a triangle with obtuse corners. It is called the "Mobius Loop". In addition, it contains an inscription that indicates the material of the product. This suggests that the item can be recycled.
Anything that can be recycled is recyclable. This concept includes a huge number of names of materials, household, industrial, bulky, construction, automobile waste and waste. It is distinguished according to several main criteria:
Organic (waste products of living organisms) and inorganic (there is no hydrogen in its composition).
According to the state of aggregation: solid, liquid, gaseous.
Hazard categories: toxic or non-toxic.
Type of education: industrial and household.
Processing capabilities.
Depending on the main criteria, recyclable materials are already distributed by type.
Wood - Branches and leaves of trees, sawdust, chipboards, wood trimmings
Biological waste- Food waste, fats, wood waste, waste paper, feces, animal carcasses (only those that the veterinary authorities have allowed for processing)
Polymers - Plastic bottles, bags, broken plastic buckets and basins, as well as plastic wrap, PVC products.
Construction waste - Brick, concrete, old wallpaper, reinforced concrete
Textile- overalls, bed linen, tablecloths, bedspreads, curtains, scraps of fabric, trimmings of fabrics. All similar products that are formed as a result of marriage or deterioration in enterprises, households, industries.
Waste paper - Paper, cardboard, paper bags, books, magazines, wrapping paper, twine
Glass - Bottles, jars, cullet, test tubes
Scrap metal - Scrap of various metals and alloys: aluminum, copper, titanium and lead, as well as waste from manufacturing industries (steel shavings, scrap), steel, cast iron, various metal structures and objects.
Chemicals - Acid, alkaline and organic elements
Petroleum products - Asphalt, bitumen, fuel oil, tar
Electronics - Electrical appliances, their boards, wires, flash drives, computer and telephone chips, household appliances
Rubber - Car tires, tires, cuffs, other rubber products
Wastewater - Wastewater from production plants
Where to take recyclables
Recyclable waste is handed over to special enterprises and collection points for recyclable materials. They are equipped with the necessary equipment for receiving and storing specific (rarely several) types of recyclable materials and are licensed to work with waste.
Acceptance of recyclable materials for further processing can be carried out both from an individual and from a legal entity. Most often, a monetary reward is paid for recyclable materials, but some accept it free of charge.
The delivery of recyclable materials through specialized points is carried out mainly by individuals and small companies. Large holdings and enterprises take waste directly to their processing sites.
Waste treatment methods and equipment required for this depend on the type of materials. And the processing of any kind of recyclable material begins with its sorting. Let's consider several ways to recycle garbage.
Recycling waste paper into pulp
Pulp is a valuable component for papermaking. To obtain it, the collected waste paper is soaked in tanks, bleached and cleaned of printing ink. Then the mass is knocked down into foam - pulp. In the future, you can make a wide range of paper products from it: napkins, toilet paper, ecowool, writing paper, cardboard, etc.
Obtaining fertilizers from biological waste
Organic waste is processed into compost with subsequent processing into humus. It is used for fertilization in horticulture and agriculture. Recycling of biological waste is carried out by composting and decomposition of organic waste, and the gas obtained as a result of composting can be further used to generate electricity.
Smelting of non-ferrous and ferrous metals
Scrap metal is sorted by type of metal before direct processing. Then dirt and various impurities, if present, are removed. Large pieces of metal are cut with a special power tool and sent for remelting.
Non-ferrous metals are extracted from microcircuits, radio components, processors.
Glass remelting
After remelting, the glass mass is again converted into a finished glass container.
Grinding rubber into crumb
One way to recycle old tires is by crumbling. But first you need to remove the metal cord and fabric from it. Depending on the technology, further grinding can take place in three ways:
Crushed crumb rubber is used as a raw material for the production of new products.
Do not throw out recyclable materials, do not pollute nature. Moreover, you can make money on this)
